Romans

Free Gift of Righteousness
Verses 5:15-21
Cecil N. Wright

  15. But not as the trespass [this introducing contrasts between the results of the conduct of Adam and of Christ], so also is the free gift [of righteousness, v.17, or justification, v.18]. For if by the trespass [singular] of the one [Adam] the many died [all died, v.12], much more did the grace of God, and the gift of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many [all].

  "Abound" (1) not only to the point of freeing them from the sin committed through Adam and resultant physical death, but (2) also freeing them from all personally committed sins and resultant spiritual death -- if they "receive the abundance of grace" available (v.17) -- "access" to which is had by "faith" (v.2).

 16. And not as through the one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one [trespass] unto condemnation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification.

  "The free gift came of many trespasses unto justification" -- came not only because of the trespass of Adam and by us through Adam, but also because of our personally committed trespasses -- came "unto justification," i.e., for the purpose of justifying us from all trespasses

17. For if, by the trespass of the one [Adam], death reigned through the one; much more shall they that receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, even Jesus Christ.

  Having spiritual life here, and eternal life hereafter (see v. 21).

  18. So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life.

  As through the one trespass of Adam all were condemned to physical death, so through one act of righteousness by Christ (his death in our behalf) the free gift came unto all men in order to (eis) justification unto (eis) life -- even unto eternal life if they will "receive the abundance of grace" available (v.17; see v.21).

19. For as through the one man's disobedience [his one trespass, v.18] the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience [the one act of righteousness, v.18] of the one shall the many be made righteous.

"Be made righteous" with respect to the one trespass through Adam, and "made righteous" with respect to their personally committed trespasses also if they "receive the abundance of grace" available in Christ by faith (v.17).

20. And the law ["the" not in original] came in besides [the trespass of Adam and through Adam], that the trespass might abound; but where [the] sin abounded, [the] grace did abound more exceedingly [superabounded].

To the extent that law came in (see v.14), and was violated, sin abounded; but where sin abounded, grace superabounded to take care of all the transgressions of those who avail themselves of it (v.17).*

21. That, as [the] sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

"Eternal life" is the climactic blessing of availing ourselves of the "abundance of grace" in Christ (v.17) by "faith" (v.2).

* See Genesis 26:5 for the fact that Abraham was under a measure of law, though living some centuries before the giving of the Law of Moses. God said of him: "Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws."

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